Name: コンピュータ化されたタッチ感知タブレット、視線追跡、機能的磁気共鳴画像法を用いた認知検査の評価 (動画) | JoVE Journal
Uploaded: 2026-01-30T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 10 min 10 s
Description: 学ぶタッチ感知タブレットと視線追跡、fMRIを統合した多モーダル認知検査プロトコル。視覚運動行動と脳活動の関係を解明し、神経科学および臨床診断の生態学的妥当性を向上させる革新的アプローチを示す。

ai_agent_IP

ai_agent

maintenance

instantTrialDurationMinutes

isBiopharma

enableNewMyJoveSectionDesign

educationFeatures

seoMetaApi

ai_copilot_institution_blacklist

ai_chat_institution_blacklist

freeAccessWindow

ssoRoleCapture

scheduledMaintenanceBanner

joveLabsFeatures

disable_autoplay_for_bots

extended_trial_duration

5 minutes

playerTrialDesktop

The authors thank the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation for their financial support and funding of this research.

<ol><li>Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., Bigler, E. D., Tranel, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&safe=off&q=author%3aLezak%2C+MD+%22Neuropsychological+assessment%22">Neuropsychological assessment</a>. , 5th ed, Oxford University Press. (2012).</li>
<li>Tombaugh, T. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Trail+making+test+A+and+B%3A+normative+data+stratified+by+age+and+education%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Arch+Clin+Neuropsychol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Trail making test A and B: normative data stratified by age and education.</a> Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 19 (2), 203-214 (2004).</li>
<li>Stuss, D. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+trail+making+test%3A+a+study+in+focal+lesion+patients%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Psychol+Assess%22%5BJournal%5D)">The trail making test: a study in focal lesion patients.</a> Psychol Assess. 13 (2), 230-239 (2001).</li>
<li>Korakas, N., Tsolaki, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Cognitive+impairment+in+multiple+sclerosis%3A+a+review+of+neuropsychological+assessments%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Cogn+Behav+Neurol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: a review of neuropsychological assessments.</a> Cogn Behav Neurol. 29 (2), 55-67 (2016).</li>
<li>Woodford, H. J., George, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Cognitive+assessment+in+the+elderly%3A+a+review+of+clinical+methods%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22QJM%22%5BJournal%5D)">Cognitive assessment in the elderly: a review of clinical methods.</a> QJM. 100 (8), 469-484 (2007).</li>
<li>Nasreddine, Z. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+Montreal+cognitive+assessment%2C+MoCA%3A+a+brief+screening+tool+for+mild+cognitive+impairment%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Am+Geriatr+Soc%22%5BJournal%5D)">The Montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment.</a> Am Geriatr Soc. 53 (4), 695-699 (2005).</li>
<li>Berg, J. -L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Comparing+the+electronic+and+standard+versions+of+the+Montreal+cognitive+assessment+in+an+outpatient+memory+disorders+clinic%3A+a+validation+study%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Alzheimers+Dis%22%5BJournal%5D)">Comparing the electronic and standard versions of the Montreal cognitive assessment in an outpatient memory disorders clinic: a validation study.</a> Alzheimers Dis. 62 (1), 93-97 (2018).</li>
<li>Freedman, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+Toronto+cognitive+assessment+%28TorCA%29%3A+normative+data+and+validation+to+detect+amnestic+mild+cognitive+impairment%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Alzheimers+Res+Ther%22%5BJournal%5D)">The Toronto cognitive assessment (TorCA): normative data and validation to detect amnestic mild cognitive impairment.</a> Alzheimers Res Ther. 10 (1), 65(2018).</li>
<li>Woods, D. L., Wyma, J. M., Herron, T. J., Yund, E. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+effects+of+aging%2C+malingering%2C+and+traumatic+brain+injury+on+computerized+trail-making+test+performance%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22PLoS+One%22%5BJournal%5D)">The effects of aging, malingering, and traumatic brain injury on computerized trail-making test performance.</a> PLoS One. 10 (6), e0124345(2015).</li>
<li>Lin, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Trail+making+test+performance+using+a+touch-sensitive+tablet%3A+behavioral+kinematics+and+electroencephalography%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Front+Hum+Neurosci%22%5BJournal%5D)">Trail making test performance using a touch-sensitive tablet: behavioral kinematics and electroencephalography.</a> Front Hum Neurosci. 15, 663463(2021).</li>
<li>Herold, F., Wiegel, P., Scholkmann, F., Müller, N. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Applications+of+functional+near-infrared+spectroscopy+%28fNIRS%29+neuroimaging+in+exercise-cognition+science%3A+a+systematic%2C+methodology-focused+review%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Clin+Med%22%5BJournal%5D)">Applications of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) neuroimaging in exercise-cognition science: a systematic, methodology-focused review.</a> J Clin Med. 7 (12), 466(2018).</li>
<li>Tam, F., Churchill, N. W., Strother, S. C., Graham, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+new+tablet+for+writing+and+drawing+during+functional+MRI%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Hum+Brain+Mapp%22%5BJournal%5D)">A new tablet for writing and drawing during functional MRI.</a> Hum Brain Mapp. 32 (2), 240-248 (2011).</li>
<li>Karimpoor, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+computerized+tablet+with+visual+feedback+of+hand+position+for+functional+magnetic+resonance+imaging%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Hum+Neurosci%22%5BJournal%5D)">A computerized tablet with visual feedback of hand position for functional magnetic resonance imaging.</a> Hum Neurosci. 9, 150(2015).</li>
<li>Lin, Z., Tam, F., Churchill, N. W., Schweizer, T. A., Graham, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Tablet+technology+for+writing+and+drawing+during+functional+magnetic+resonance+imaging%3A+a+review%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Sensors%22%5BJournal%5D)">Tablet technology for writing and drawing during functional magnetic resonance imaging: a review.</a> Sensors. 21 (2), 401(2021).</li>
<li>Karimpoor, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Tablet-based+functional+MRI+of+the+trail+making+test%3A+effect+of+tablet+interaction+mode%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Front+Hum+Neurosci%22%5BJournal%5D)">Tablet-based functional MRI of the trail making test: effect of tablet interaction mode.</a> Front Hum Neurosci. 11, 496(2017).</li>
<li>Reitan, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Trail+making+test+results+for+normal+and+brain-damaged+children%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Percept+Mot+Skills%22%5BJournal%5D)">Trail making test results for normal and brain-damaged children.</a> Percept Mot Skills. 33 (2), 575-581 (1971).</li>
<li>Corrigan, J. D., Hinkeldey, N. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Relationships+between+parts+A+and+B+of+the+trail+making+test%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Clin+Psychol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Relationships between parts A and B of the trail making test.</a> J Clin Psychol. 43 (4), 402-409 (1987).</li>
<li>Gaudino, E. A., Geisler, M. W., Squires, N. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Construct+validity+in+the+trail+making+test%3A+what+makes+Part+B+harder%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Clin+Exp+Neuropsychol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Construct validity in the trail making test: what makes Part B harder.</a> J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 17 (4), 529-535 (1995).</li>
<li>Talwar, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Functional+magnetic+resonance+imaging+of+the+trail-making+test+in+older+adults%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22PLoS+One%22%5BJournal%5D)">Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the trail-making test in older adults.</a> PLoS One. 15 (5), e0232469(2020).</li>
<li>Linari, I., Juantorena, G. E., Ibáñez, A., Petroni, A., Kamienkowski, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Unveiling+trail+making+test%3A+visual+and+manual+trajectories+indexing+multiple+executive+processes%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Sci+Rep%22%5BJournal%5D)">Unveiling trail making test: visual and manual trajectories indexing multiple executive processes.</a> Sci Rep. 12 (1), 14265(2022).</li>
<li>Ogawa, S., Lee, T. M., Kay, A. R., Tank, D. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Brain+magnetic+resonance+imaging+with+contrast+dependent+on+blood+oxygenation%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A%22%5BJournal%5D)">Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation.</a> Natl Acad Sci U S A. 87 (24), 9868-9872 (1990).</li>
<li>SR Research EyeLink EyeLink®. <a target="_blank" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&safe=off&q=%221000+Plus+Installation+Guide%22">1000 Plus Installation Guide</a>. , SR Research Ltd. Oakville, Ontario, Canada. (2024).</li>
<li>EyeLink 1000 Research Ltd. EyeLink 1000 Plus user manual. , SR Research Ltd. 
 <a target="_blank" href="https://www.sr-research.com/eyelink-1000-plus">https://www.sr-research.com/eyelink-1000-plus</a> (2024).</li>
<li>Tam, F., Huang, Y., Schwartz, M. L., Schweizer, T. A., Hynynen, K., Graham, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+computerized+tablet+system+for+evaluating+treatment+of+essential+tremor+by+magnetic+resonance+guided+focused+ultrasound%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22BMC+Neurol%22%5BJournal%5D)">A computerized tablet system for evaluating treatment of essential tremor by magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound.</a> BMC Neurol. 17 (1), 74(2017).</li>
<li>Graham, S., Tam, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&safe=off&q=author%3aGraham%2C+S+%22GitHub+-+SRI-Graham-Lab%2FJoVE-paper%22">GitHub - SRI-Graham-Lab/JoVE-paper</a>. , https://github.com/SRI-Graham-Lab/JoVE-paper (2025).</li>
<li>Hsu, Y. -C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Simultaneous+multi-slice+inverse+imaging+of+the+human+brain%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Sci+Rep%22%5BJournal%5D)">Simultaneous multi-slice inverse imaging of the human brain.</a> Sci Rep. 7 (1), 17019(2017).</li>
<li>Cox, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((AFNI%3A+what+a+long+strange+trip+it%E2%80%99s+been%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neuroimage%22%5BJournal%5D)">AFNI: what a long strange trip it’s been.</a> Neuroimage. 62 (2), 743-747 (2012).</li>
<li>Glover, G. H., Li, T. Q., Ress, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Image-based+method+for+retrospective+correction+of+physiological+motion+effects+in+fMRI%3A+RETROICOR%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Magn+Reson+Med%22%5BJournal%5D)">Image-based method for retrospective correction of physiological motion effects in fMRI: RETROICOR.</a> Magn Reson Med. 44 (1), 162-167 (2000).</li>
<li>Fonov, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Unbiased+average+age-appropriate+atlases+for+pediatric+studies%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neuroimage%22%5BJournal%5D)">Unbiased average age-appropriate atlases for pediatric studies.</a> Neuroimage. 54 (1), 313-327 (2011).</li>
<li>Fonov, V., Evans, A., McKinstry, R., Almli, C., Collins, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Unbiased+nonlinear+average+age-appropriate+brain+templates+from+birth+to+adulthood%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neuroimage%22%5BJournal%5D)">Unbiased nonlinear average age-appropriate brain templates from birth to adulthood.</a> Neuroimage. 47, S102(2009).</li>
<li>Lin, F. -H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Relative+latency+and+temporal+variability+of+hemodynamic+responses+at+the+human+primary+visual+cortex%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neuroimage%22%5BJournal%5D)">Relative latency and temporal variability of hemodynamic responses at the human primary visual cortex.</a> Neuroimage. 164, 194-201 (2018).</li>
<li>Desmond, J. E., Glover, G. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Estimating+sample+size+in+functional+MRI+%28fMRI%29+neuroimaging+studies%3A+statistical+power+analyses%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Neurosci+Methods%22%5BJournal%5D)">Estimating sample size in functional MRI (fMRI) neuroimaging studies: statistical power analyses.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 118 (2), 115-128 (2002).</li>
<li>Bowie, C. R., Harvey, P. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Administration+and+interpretation+of+the+trail+making+test%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nat+Protoc%22%5BJournal%5D)">Administration and interpretation of the trail making test.</a> Nat Protoc. 1 (5), 2277-2281 (2006).</li>
<li>Heitz, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+speed-accuracy+tradeoff%3A+history%2C+physiology%2C+methodology%2C+and+behavior%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Front+Neurosci%22%5BJournal%5D)">The speed-accuracy tradeoff: history, physiology, methodology, and behavior.</a> Front Neurosci. 8, 150(2014).</li>
<li>Vlaskamp, B. N. S., Hooge, I. T. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Crowding+degrades+saccadic+search+performance%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Vision+Res%22%5BJournal%5D)">Crowding degrades saccadic search performance.</a> Vision Res. 46 (3), 417-425 (2006).</li>
<li>Jongkees, B. J., Colzato, L. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Spontaneous+eye+blink+rate+as+predictor+of+dopamine-related+cognitive+function%E2%80%94a+review%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neurosci+Biobehav+Rev%22%5BJournal%5D)">Spontaneous eye blink rate as predictor of dopamine-related cognitive function—a review.</a> Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 71, 58-82 (2016).</li>
<li>Westbrook, A., Braver, T. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Dopamine+does+double+duty+in+motivating+cognitive+effort%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neuron%22%5BJournal%5D)">Dopamine does double duty in motivating cognitive effort.</a> Neuron. 89 (4), 695-710 (2016).</li>
<li>Eckstein, M. K., Guerra-Carrillo, B., Miller Singley, A. T., Bunge, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Beyond+eye+gaze%3A+what+else+can+eye-tracking+reveal+about+cognition+and+cognitive+development%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Dev+Cogn+Neurosci%22%5BJournal%5D)">Beyond eye gaze: what else can eye-tracking reveal about cognition and cognitive development.</a> Dev Cogn Neurosci. 25, 69-91 (2016).</li>
<li>Hamzei, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Reduction+of+excitability+%28%E2%80%9Cinhibition%E2%80%9D%29+in+the+ipsilateral+primary+motor+cortex+is+mirrored+by+fMRI+signal+decreases%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neuroimage%22%5BJournal%5D)">Reduction of excitability (“inhibition”) in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex is mirrored by fMRI signal decreases.</a> Neuroimage. 17 (1), 490-496 (2002).</li>
<li>Staines, W. R., Graham, S. J., Black, S. E., McIlroy, W. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Task-relevant+modulation+of+contralateral+and+ipsilateral+primary+somatosensory+cortex+and+the+role+of+a+prefrontal-cortical+sensory+gating+system%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neuroimage%22%5BJournal%5D)">Task-relevant modulation of contralateral and ipsilateral primary somatosensory cortex and the role of a prefrontal-cortical sensory gating system.</a> Neuroimage. 15 (1), 190-199 (2002).</li>
<li>Churchill, N. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Optimizing+preprocessing+and+analysis+pipelines+for+single-subject+fMRI.+I.+Standard+temporal+motion+and+physiological+noise+correction+methods%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Hum+Brain+Mapp%22%5BJournal%5D)">Optimizing preprocessing and analysis pipelines for single-subject fMRI. I. Standard temporal motion and physiological noise correction methods.</a> Hum Brain Mapp. 33 (3), 609-627 (2012).</li>
<li>McIntosh, A. R., Lobaugh, N. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Partial+least+squares+analysis+of+neuroimaging+data%3A+applications+and+advances%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neuroimage%22%5BJournal%5D)">Partial least squares analysis of neuroimaging data: applications and advances.</a> Neuroimage. 23 (Suppl 1), S250-S263 (2004).</li>
<li>Longcamp, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Functional+specificity+in+the+motor+system%3A+evidence+from+coupled+fMRI+and+kinematic+recordings+during+letter+and+digit+writing%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Hum+Brain+Mapp%22%5BJournal%5D)">Functional specificity in the motor system: evidence from coupled fMRI and kinematic recordings during letter and digit writing.</a> Hum Brain Mapp. 35 (12), 6077-6087 (2014).</li>
<li>Vinci-Booher, S., Sturgeon, J., James, T., James, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+MRItab%3A+a+MR-compatible+touchscreen+with+video+display%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Neurosci+Methods%22%5BJournal%5D)">The MRItab: a MR-compatible touchscreen with video display.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 306, 10-18 (2018).</li>
<li>Reitz, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+low-cost%2C+computer-interfaced+drawing+pad+for+fMRI+studies+of+dysgraphia+and+dyslexia%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Sensors%22%5BJournal%5D)">A low-cost, computer-interfaced drawing pad for fMRI studies of dysgraphia and dyslexia.</a> Sensors. 13 (4), 5099-5108 (2013).</li>
</ol>

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

<table><tbody><tr><td>3T MRI System with 64-channel head coil</td><td>Siemens Healthineers (Erlangen, GER)</td><td>Magnetom Prisma</td><td>Records fMRI data.</td></tr><tr><td>Electromagnetic Interference Filter</td><td>Spectrum Control Inc. (Fairview, PA, USA)</td><td>56-705-005-LI</td><td>Passes tablet and stylus signals from the magnet room to the tablet interface box.</td></tr><tr><td>Eye-tracker Software</td><td>SR Research Ltd. (Ottawa, ON, CAN)</td><td>EyeLink Explorer (version 4.3.1, 64 bit)</td><td>Enables eye-tracker data visualization and processing.</td></tr><tr><td>Graphics Editing Application</td><td>Microsoft Inc. (Redmond, WA, USA)</td><td>Paint</td><td>Used to familiarize participants with tablet writing and drawing.</td></tr><tr><td>MATLAB&amp;nbsp;</td><td>MathWorks Inc.&amp;nbsp; (Natick, MA, USA)</td><td>&amp;nbsp;R2022a</td><td>Used to analyze kinematic tablet data and perform statistical analyses.</td></tr><tr><td>MRI-compatible Eye Tracker</td><td>SR Research Ltd. (Ottawa, ON, CAN)</td><td>EyeLink 1000 Plus</td><td>Records eye-tracking data during fMRI.</td></tr><tr><td>MRI-compatible Projector</td><td>Avotec, Inc. (Stuart, FL, USA)</td><td>Silent Vision</td><td>Presents augmented reality visual stimuli to the participant.</td></tr><tr><td>MRI-compatible Tablet Components (including touch-sensitive surface, adjustable elevated support platform, force-sensitive stylus, light-emitting diode illuminator)</td><td>Not applicable</td><td>Not applicable</td><td>Custom-designed and assembled in the lab. See references 12, 13 for details.</td></tr><tr><td>Stimulus Presentation Software</td><td>Psychology Software Tools (Sharpsburg, PA, USA)</td><td>E-Prime, version 2.0</td><td>Software for developing and administering all tablet-based training and task implementations.</td></tr><tr><td>Stimulus/Response Computer</td><td>Not applicable</td><td>Not applicable</td><td>Multi-component design. See reference 13 for details.</td></tr><tr><td>Touch-sensitive Surface Driver Application</td><td>ELO Touch Solutions Inc. (Milpitas, CA, USA)</td><td>Single Touch Driver</td><td>Used to calibrate the touch-sensitive surface when participants perform touch-to-target tasks.</td></tr><tr><td>Trigger and Response Device</td><td>Rowland Institute (Cambridge, MA, USA)</td><td>Rowland USB Response Box</td><td>Used to time-synchronize tablet-based tasks, eye-tracking and fMRI data streams.</td></tr><tr><td>Video Camera</td><td>MRC Instruments GmbH (Heidelberg, GER)</td><td>12M-i</td><td>Records video of hand and stylus interactions on the tablet touch-sensitive surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Video Camera Computer</td><td>Not applicable</td><td>Not applicable</td><td>Multi-component design. See reference 13 for details.</td></tr></tbody></table>

evaluating tests of cognition using a computerized touch-sensitive tablet, eye tracking, and functional magnetic resonance imaging

Evaluating Tests of Cognition using a Computerized Touch-Sensitive Tablet, Eye Tracking, and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Paper-based tests of cognition (such as the Trail-Making test, or TMT) have long been used in clinical and research settings to evaluate how the healthy or impaired brain supports behavioral performance. Despite widespread use, the neural correlates of such tests are poorly understood, and the tests have sensitivities and specificities that are less than desired. To address these shortcomings, a multi-modal research protocol is proposed that simultaneously combines novel tablet technology, eye tracking, and functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the relationships between kinematic and visual behavior and neural activity associated with cognitive test performance. Protocol rationale, step-by-step methodology, and results from a representative participant are provided to demonstrate protocol validity and to illustrate the potential of exploring the kinematic, visual, and neural correlates of a representative test of cognition. The current protocol can expand the limits of existing clinical MRI neuroscience research, with implications for the future diagnosis and management of various cognitive disorders.

A protocol for simultaneous recording of visuomotor behavior and brain activity during standard paper-based cognitive tests using an MRI-compatible tablet and eye-tracking technology alongside functional MRI, towards improving the usage of such tests. Preliminary results are presented from a young healthy adult performing a Trail-Making test.

Paper-based tests of cognition (such as the Trail-Making test, or TMT) have long been used in clinical and research settings to evaluate how the healthy ...

We develop MRI technology to study brain structure and function. We aim to improve understanding of neurological diseases and support increased use of MRI in clinical applications, including image guided treatments. A touch sensitive digitizing tablet enables naturalistic writing and drawing during functional MRI of brain activity.This technology provides new opportunities for evaluating brain behavior relationships. fMRI must be done very carefully. The participant must lie supine and keep their head still.The tablet technology must not produce magnetic forces radio frequency heating or radio frequency interference. The neural circuits engaged by standard cognitive tests involving writing and drawing behavior are poorly understood. Our FMRI results help researchers and clinicians to interpret cognitive test results better.Investigation of a visual proprioceptive ocular motor and hand motor processes iterate at the levels of brain activity and behavior. Alongside the development of broad ranging fMRI studies with improved ecological validity. To begin, secure the tablet to its frame and attach the MRI compatible video camera.Apply fresh blue tape across the tablet surface ensuring the entire touch area is covered without major creases. Remove any excess tape from the tablet edges. Bring the tablet, stylus, tablet link cable, and tablet video camera link cables into the magnet room.Connect the tablet link and video camera. Link cables to the magnet room side of the RF penetration panel. Then slide the MRI compatible tablet clips into the patient table rails, securing two clips on each side.To fasten the tablet system in place, mount the MRI compatible rear projection screen inside the magnet bore approximately two meters from the projector. Place the MRI compatible eye tracking camera between the projector screen and the outer edge of the magnet bore, ensuring the camera mount is flush with the bore edge. Tighten the plastic screws on the mount to secure the eye tracking system in place.Now prepare the patient table by installing the 64 channel head coil. Instruct the participant to lie supine on the table and position their head fully into the coil. Place padding around the participant's head to restrict movement and ensure a secure fit.Secure the head coil and use the landmark laser to confirm that the participant's head is centered within the coil. Adjust the position of the head coil mirror until the participant can see the rear projection screen clearly and without obstruction. Then place the tablet mount across the participant's waist so that the touch sensitive surface rests comfortably to support writing and drawing movements.Now place the tablet stylus in the participant's dominant hand and instruct them to hold it like a pen. Ask the participant to touch all four corners of the tablet surface with the stylus to assess range and comfort. Adjust the mount position and add padding under the elbow if needed to improve comfort or access using Velcro straps.Fasten the tablet system to the patient bed. Slowly slide both the participant and tablet system into the magnet bore, ensuring the tablet does not contact the bore edge and the cables remain untangled. On the tablet video camera computer, launch the video camera EXE program.Then create a new screen capture session for the participant. Following the EyeLink 1000 Plus user manual recommendations, configure pupil and corneal reflection thresholds and calibrate and validate the eye tracking camera. To adjust the eye tracking camera to focus on the participant's right eye switch between camera views, fine tune the lens and modify the illuminator until the view is optimized.Once the pupil threshold and corneal reflection values are acceptable, document the values and initiate the nine point calibration. Then validate the calibration. Record both the average and maximum validation angle values before proceeding to the FMRI experiment.Next, use the stimulus response computer to begin calibration of the tablet touch surface. Instruct the participant to use the sty to consecutively touch and release the three targets that appear on the screen within the allotted time limits. Once calibration is complete, launch the referenced graphics editing application.Instruct the participant to draw freely to confirm accurate sty tracking. Now familiarize the participant with tablet-based writing by asking them to complete a self-paced training task used in essential tremor studies. To familiarize the participant with the TMT, guide them through a simplified training version of TMT-A and TMT-B, each with 12 items.Then proceed to alternate full-sized versions of TMT-A and TMT-B with rearranged items using experimental task timing. Monitor the participant's performance throughout to ensure the tablet remains properly calibrated and the task is followed accurately. Now begin the eye tracking session by selecting start recording in the screen recorder program on the tablet video camera computer.Then on the stimulus response computer, open the TMT-Run1_slow. ebs2 Prime script file using E-Run. Input the participant ID and the session number when prompted by the E-Run script.During the run, assign one lab member to monitor the eye tracking data to ensure a stable signal simultaneously. Have a second lab member observe the participant's performance on the TMT task, ensuring that instructions are being followed and that no technical issues are present, such as unreliable projection or stylist tracking. Ask the second lab member to also document any errors in TMT-A or TMT-B performance along with the associated trial number.After the run is complete, stop the eye tracker recording In the SR research screen recorder software, perform a single point drift check by selecting Drift Correct. For Run Two, restart the eye tracking recording session on the tablet video camera computer. On the stimulus response computer, open the TMT-Run2_slow.ebs2 E-Run script file. Enter the same participant ID and session number used in Run One. Repeat the task instructions once the experiment concludes.Perform one final eye tracking validation and record the average and maximum error values. Then click file followed by close on the eye tracking software to finalize and export the data. Remove the participant from the magnet bore and begin equipment take down.At last, shut off all computers and equipment. During the initial seconds of both TMT-A and TMT-B, the participants gaze searched for targets before initiating stylus movement across all time intervals shown gaze consistently proceeded the stylus linking motion in both TMT-A and TMT-B. Completion time trended longer for TMT-B than for TMT-A.Seconds per link showed a trend of being higher for TMT-B than for TMT-A. No significant differences were found between TMT-A and TMT-B in linking period durations, non-linking period durations, total distance, extra distance traveled, or distance per link. Stylus force trended slightly higher during TMT-B compared to TMT-A, and blink count per trial was significantly greater during TMT-B.Blink rate remained significantly higher in TMT-B even after accounting for completion time differences. The percentage of time spent in fixation was significantly lower during TMT-B than during TMT-A. Functional MRI revealed widespread positive brain activation during both TMT-A and TMT-B compared to visual fixation.Brain activation included regions such as the cerebellum, parietal lobules, occipital gyri, and frontal areas. No significant brain activation differences were observed when contrasting TMT-B directly against TMT-A.

evaluating-tests-cognition-using-computerized-touch-sensitive-tablet

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Eye movement monitoring (or eye tracking) reveals where in space the eyes linger, when and for how long.  Here, we demonstrate how eye tracking can be used to investigate the integrity of memory in multiple participant populations, without requiring verbal, or otherwise explicit, reports.

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

The present article describes how to use eye tracking methodologies to study the cognitive processes involved in text comprehension. Descriptions of eye tracking equipment, how to develop experimental stimuli, and procedural recommendations are included. The information presented can be applied to most any study using verbal stimuli.

Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension

We tested the usability of a tablet-computer-based application (EmoCogMeter) in investigating the effects of age on cognition. Results show an age-related cognitive decline, thereby proving the usability of our application. Findings underline the great clinical and practical potential of a tablet-based application for detection and monitoring of cognitive dysfunction.

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Cognitive deficits are common in about one third of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a neurological condition leading to progressive impairments in speech and movement abilities. To conduct cognitive tests in patients unable to speak or write a reliable and easy to administer eye-tracking paradigm was developed.

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

A validated computerized battery of neuropsychological and neurophysiological tests is used to study pharmacodynamic effects on the central nervous system of newly developed drugs in early phase development. To demonstrate the test battery, the acute effects of mecamylamine and the reversal of these effects by two agonist drugs are described.

A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development

Here, we present a protocol to study the relationship between the eye movement parameters and cognitive functions in non-demented Parkinson's disease patients. The experiment used an eye tracker to measure the saccadic amplitude and fixation duration in a visual search task. The correlation with performance in multi-domain cognitive tasks was subsequently measured.

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking

Eye tracking is a non-invasive method to probe information processing. This article describes how eye tracking can be used to study gaze behavior during a flight simulation emergency task in low-time pilots (i.e., &lt;350 flight hours).

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing

This technique enables the use of high-resolution magic angle spinning proton MR spectroscopy (HRMAS 1H-MRS) for molecular characterization of live Drosophila melanogaster with a conventional 14.1 tesla spectrometer equipped with an HRMAS probe.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of live Drosophila melanogaster using Magic Angle Spinning

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an increasingly popular tool for examining the phenotype of genetically altered mice. This article illustrates the methods necessary to achieve high-throughput phenotyping of genetically altered mice using multiple-mouse MRI.<br...

Multiple-mouse Neuroanatomical Magnetic Resonance Imaging

This article describes techniques to perform high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging with 1.2 mm sampling in human midbrain and subcortical structures using a 3T scanner. Use of these techniques to resolve topographic maps of visual stimulation in the human superior colliculus (SC) is given as an example.

High-resolution Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods for Human Midbrain

学ぶタッチ感知タブレットと視線追跡、fMRIを統合した多モーダル認知検査プロトコル。視覚運動行動と脳活動の関係を解明し、神経科学および臨床診断の生態学的妥当性を向上させる革新的アプローチを示す。

Evaluating Tests of Cognition using a Computerized Touch-Sensitive Tablet, Eye Tracking, and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

さらに動画を探す